German Separable Verbs: Why Does Aufstehen Split?

Understand separable prefixes in statements, infinitives and subordinate clauses.

DE006 · DE · A1 / A2 · grammar, conjugation

The question

Why is it Ich stehe früh auf but Ich muss früh aufstehen?

Many German verbs contain a separable prefix, such as aufstehen (to get up), einkaufen (to shop) and anrufen (to call). In a main clause with a conjugated separable verb, the prefix typically moves to the end: Ich stehe um sieben Uhr auf (I get up at seven).

One verb in different structures

StructureGermanMeaning
Main clauseIch rufe dich morgen an.I'll call you tomorrow.
With a modalIch muss dich morgen anrufen.I have to call you tomorrow.
Subordinate clause..., weil ich dich morgen anrufe.... because I'll call you tomorrow.
Perfect tenseIch habe dich angerufen.I called you.

With an infinitive after a modal verb, the separable verb normally stays together: Wir wollen einkaufen. With a past participle, ge is usually inserted between separable prefix and verb stem: eingekauft, angerufen. Not all German prefixes separate: besuchen and verstehen have inseparable prefixes.

Common mistake

Avoid *Ich aufstehe um sieben in an ordinary main-clause statement. Use Ich stehe um sieben auf. Also avoid *Ich habe geanrufen: the participle is angerufen.

Remember

Check whether the prefix is separable and whether the verb is finite in a main clause, an infinitive or a participle.

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